The Theory Of Egoism And Altruism - 1511 Words

In this paper I will argue that selecting only one form of egoism is not enough to explain human motives and that it takes a mix of several theories to explain it, specifically a mix of ethical egoism and altruism, with the side note that intent is not important in this situation. The mix is important, as any one theory seemingly fails to encapsulate the scope of human interactions. Pure ethical egoism, the idea that each person should only try to help themselves, makes people out to be too greedy and seemingly unwilling to help anyone at any point in their lives. Pure altruism, the idea that people should use their abilities and advantages to exclusively help others, makes people too willing to sacrifice what they have for someone else. If people were completely altruistic nothing would ever be accomplished and eventually those advantages would become erased as people stop working to better themselves. I also believe that the intent of the action is not important so the morality of the action should be directly tied to the outcome, not the thought process of the person doing the action. All of these ideas will be explained in more detail later in the paper. This paper will look at each of these three factors individually, show why they are insufficient for explaining human motives on their own and then explain how they can all work in conjunction to better explain human motives. This paper will then go on to show how someone might disagree with this thesis by providing someShow MoreRelatedAltruism: The Illusion of Self-Interest Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe behavior of altruism in an individual is when it brings more costs than benefits for the benefit of another individual. Altruism comes from the Latin word Alter which means the others. This translation of alturism describes it relatively well. 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The main issue with determining whether a helping act is truly altruistic is one of motivation; if we cannot determine whether an act stems from a desire to benefit others or some kind of ulterior motive, altruism is difficult to demonstrate (Rushton Sorrentino, 1981, cited in Hogg VaughanRead MoreBenefits Of Raising Minimum Wage1291 Words   |  6 Pagesstates and the District of Columbia pay above the minimum federal level of $7.25 per hour. The raising of the minimum wage has numerous supporters; however, there are individuals who are opposed. The analyzation of ethical theories, such as, utilitarianism, altruism, and egoism will be utilized to obtain a more significant understanding of the importance to raise the minimum wage to a livable wage. According to registered voters, most Americans are in favor of raising the minimum wage to a $15 perRead MoreEgoism By Thomas Hobbes And Immanuel Kant1660 Words   |  7 PagesEgoism can be described as the theory of solely acting towards the advancement and good of one’s own self, without any other causes for action. While egoism has been interpreted differently throughout history, the two variants of egoism conceived by Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant are widely considered today to be theoretically bound and consistent. The egoism, described by Hobbes, conceives egoism as  a fully psychological motive that is within the minds of all human beings, who think only of theirRead MoreEgoism And Its Effects On Society819 Words   |  4 PagesEgoism states that humans need to do what is best for them. It claims that it is not only people’s right, but their duty to look after their own interests first. 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Fundamentals Of Network Security - 2504 Words

ICTN 6865: Fundamentals of Network Security Final Term Paper Professor’s Name: Dr. Phil Lunsford Student’s Name: Rahul Ravella Date: 10/25/14 Abstract Denial of Service also known as DoS is an attack that has been a part of cyber-attacks and cyber-terrorism for a long time. With the increase in the number of attacks on networks and websites, the need has come to implement better prevention systems to limit the number of attacks on the network. There are quite a few methods of countering these attacks that are already present but not a lot of networks have implemented them yet. This paper will talk about the different types of DoS attacks and their countermeasures. The paper will also talk about the advantages and†¦show more content†¦This causes the server to respond either really slowly or not at all, which causes the website to become unavailable or the service to not perform as it is supposed to. (Auburn University, 2009) The different type of Denial of Service attacks: Denial of Service attacks are characterized as an explicit attempt by a hacker so as to prevent a user from getting or using the desired resources. Examples of such an attack are: †¢ The prevention of legitimate network traffic by attempting to flood the network. †¢ Preventing access to a service by disrupting connections between the two machines. †¢ The prevention of accessing a service for a individual. †¢ The attempt to disrupt the services to a specific person or a system. (Lau, Simon Fraser Univ., Rubin, Smith, Trajkovic, 2000) Some of these attacks are as follows: ICMP Flood: There are many different types of these ICMP flood attacks. One of these attacks is called the Smurf attack. This attack creates a large amount of computer network traffic in the target’s network. It involves the sending of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) or ping requests to the many broadcast addresses of the internet protocol (IP). These messages contain spoofed broadcast ping messages. When the host receives the ICMP echo request, they send an immediate reply to the source address upon acceptance. So therefore when there are multiple broadcast networks, there can be

Separation Parents During Childhood Trauma -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Separation Parents During Childhood Trauma? Answer: Introduction: Bushfires are one of the one of the most disasters natural disaster that arises due to the extreme weather conditions; it can be lightning storm, unattended back brining or uncontrolled fire, which gives rise in the bushfires (Lohm Davis, 2015), . These disasters not only posses threats to the environment, moreover affects lot of individuals who lives in rural areas due to the proximity to the areas, which are prone to the bushfires. Occurrence of bushfire can be seen at a large scale in Australia owing to its arid and dry landscape. Dry weather condition of Australia gives fume to the sustainability of the bushfires and due this, magnitude of the disaster gets aggravated largely (Underwood, 2017). One of the horrific incidents of the bushfire in Australia is known as the Black Saturday, which took place on 7th February of 2009. There were more than four hundred cases of fire on that day, which was effect of dry climatic condition and temperature of 46.40C temperature of that day. I t cost the country 460,000 hectares of destroyed land and 78 or more affected communities. Bushfire possess substantial threat toward the healthcare system and the scenario is same with Australia to. For instance, Black Saturday caused 414 casualties and 13 deaths, which suppress the figures of Ash Wednesday that took place 26 years ago in 1983 (Bryant, et al., 2014). According to the estimations, bushfires in Australia from 1983 to 2009 has caused the country almost $ billion AUD (Booth, Tranter Eriksen, 2015). Moreover, Australian psychological institutes argue that bushfire in the country has victimised many people, who now suffer from mental and physical trauma due to exposure to the extensive heat (Gibbs et al., 2015). Coming to the environmental implication of the bushfire in Australia, it can has been estimated that almost one third of the countrys pollution is produced do this natural disaster. Ever growing instance of bushfire in the country possesses significant damage to the property, health as well as mental problem to the Australian citizens. This report incl udes systematic approach to search appraising and synthesising the literature it is aimed to discuss bushfire preparedness, recovery guidelines and responses. Besides this, the report will provide focus on the psychological impacts of the bushfires and provides recommendation to deal with this disaster. Methods: This report is based according to the PRISMA guideline using the systematic review of the published journals (Fleming, Koletsi Pandis, 2014). A comprehensive literature review has been done from the relevant documents, which are published during the year 1950 to 2017. Key words for searching relevant documents for literature review has been done base on the key publication found during the preliminary screening process. Search terms: For the search strategy, search terms used are as follows: Bush fire Bushfire Forest fire Wildfire For the exposure of the study, search terms used are as follows: Psychopathology Post traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Social welfare Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Mental health Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Information of sources: Research for appropriate documents has been done mainly from four databases, which are: PubMed an online database for biomedical and life science literature PsycINFO an online database for mental health care and behavioural science Scopus an online database that provides comprehensive literature on medicine, science, arts, social science, technology and humanities Google Scholar an online database that provides literature on various fields like medicine, science, technology, arts, humanities and others Web of Science Another online database provides literature on science, medicine, technologies Besides this, additional references for the literature related to bushfire in Australia has been sourced from the papers and journals published. Eligibility criteria: The report is based on the peer-reviewed articles based on the bushfire and its social impacts, which were published between 1950 to 2017. The researcher has used only those articles for detailed screening which sets the predetermined criteria for selection (Moher et al., 2015). As the benchmark of selection, the researcher has decided that only those articles, which are written in English completely , will be selected. Besides this, the researcher has omitted those articles, which describes bushfire of other countries rather than Australia, describes the impact of bushfire on animal kind excluding human. Additionally, conference abstract, non-research publication, grey literature, and unpublished studies has been omitted for the discussion. However, sources like CDC, WHO has been used in this report for proper explanation. Study selection: Following the PRISMA template, the report has identified only 9 articles through multi-tier screening process. Primarily titles of the article was analysed, then the abstract and later the strength of the paper has been assessed for proper selection of the study. Risk of biasness: Bush fire provides a huge impetus to the economy the risk of biasness has been reduce using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programs. Results: The study identified 522potential papers for the screening and out of them, the researches has selected 9 articles that fulfil the inclusion criteria as decided for the mini-systematic review. Details regarding the selected article has been summarised in the appendix (table 2). Out of the 711 papers, 139 was sourced from PsychINFO, 159 were from Pubmed, 183 from Scopus, 42 from Google Scholar and 188 from Web of Science. Besides this, the report has used external sources for finding the best studies, which is related to the bushfire. Mortality: Australia has faced 50 major bushfires since 1851, which has caused the country loss of 4 billion AUD, and 450,000 hectare of land (Jackson et al., 2016). Besides this, according to the Australian Government Attorney general Department, every year there is at least 16 mortalities recorded every year due to bushfire. Medical issues related to bushfire: There are very few documents regarding the bushfire in Australia and this has constrained the further research on this context (Moskwa et al., 2016). Without documentation of time and nature of medical support to the bushfires in the country, it has been quiet impossible for the researchers to accurately jot down the time of response. Most of the studies regarding the bushfire has centralised their discussion in US context that has lead it more troublesome situation (Parker, 2016). The Richardson and Kumar have done one of the best studies regarding the bushfire response time of Australia. According to their studies, injury to receipt of first aid took 2.17 hours (SD=2.80), who were taken to the Canberra Hospital and the mean time for ambulance arrival is 2.16 hours with SD of 2.02. According to their study mean time of admission was 6.62 hours with SD of 4.92 (Holmes et al., 2017). Among the 9 selected studies, only two discuss the repercussive psychological issue of bushfire in Australia. Study of McFarlane discussed the adjustments for children during post disaster and another article by Pfitzer et al. (2016) discuss the effect of bushfire on the maternal stress and its outcomes. According to the research of McFarlane, there were significant rise of behavioural and emotional issues, represented by the higher Rutter scores for the children who are exposed to the bushfire compared to the children who are unexposed (t=3.79, p0.001) (Bryant et al., 2017). According to multiple regression analysis, it has been seen that life events significantly do not contribute anything to the variance in the number o problems, which are face by the children due to bushfire (F=0.12, df=3, P=0.95) (Campos et al., 2016). On the other hand according to the study of ODonnell, bushfire has resulted in enhanced number of male cohort as compared to the subsequent years before prior to 2003 ((F=5.73, df=2, P= 0.003) for newborns and (F=1.58, df = 2, P=0.01) for the neonates). According to the studies of ODonnell, there was slight reduction in mean weight of children, whose mother is exposed to the bushfire compared to the mothers who are not (Fergusson Boden, 2014). Mean weight of children whose mother are exposed to the bushfire is 3454g, compared to the children, whose mother is not exposed to the bushfire is 3460g (Liu et al., 2015). However, same study has found that there is significant amount of relationship between the gestational age and bushfire exposure. Mitigation of psychological factors: One of the rising relevant topics for research is identification of the psychological barriers and effective preparedness (Paton Johnston, 2017). Besides this mitigation, strategy is another important field that need to be taken care of. Among the ten identified studies, fours have examined the different factors that affect the risk perception of bushfire. According to the McNeill et al. There is negative relationship between the positive preparedness and risk severity for all the studies. Preparation of defence of bushfire is (=0.18, p0.0018), preparation for evacuation is (=0.26, p0.0018) and resilience house (=0.23, p0.0018), and variables for planning (=-0.15, p0.0018). Moreover, warning reliability and electricity loss to the resilience house (=-0.11, p 0.0018) and resilience of house (=-0.11, p0.0018) respectively is statistically significant. Besides this, various researches has identified trait anxiety as a mediator towards the preparedness, with variance of (=-0.086). Accor ding to the studies, there is lack of government coordination and cross agency support is absent. This has given rise in problematic situation of bushfire in Australia. According to the study, sufferer, who is severely affected by the bushfire Black Friday, is either under age of 12 years or aged more than 70 years (Douglas, 2016). This has leaded them towards the chronic disability and special care is needed to be taken in order to nurse them. One of the potent solutions for mitigating the psychological trauma of the people who has suffered from the bushfire can be implementation of predetermined and structured screening criteria (Lohm Davis, 2015). This would be tasked to find out any special need to control the devastating effect of the bushfire and ring the alarm bell well before it is going to take place considering the environmental and circumstantial evidences. This will not only aid fire prone areas to control the magnitude of casualties and loss of wealth in their area, moreover it will help to suppress the disaster as well. According to the study of Anton et al. Humans are the key factors for preparedness and mitigation of the disaster and cross sectional analysis of data proves it (adjusted R2 = 0.130, F (5, 144) = 5.46, p0.05) (Rigby, 2016). Psychological screening: Psychological intervention is necessary during the self-administrated test post exposure to the bushfire situation. Most of the studies on the Australian bushfire have used data of school going children to assess the effectiveness of the self-reporting. For this purpose Acute Stress Disorder Scale (PTSD), based on DSM-IV criteria has been introduced and it reflected successful prediction (Rich et al., 2016). PTSD prediction according to the ASDS has displayed 95% good sensitivity compared to the score of 91% for the children who are exposed to the bushfire and most importantly there are 33% children who are at risk due to PTSD (Bassilios et al., 2016). Statistically PTSD scores are related with the bushfire and depending upon the level of severity, score level are as follows: (t (197) = 6.21, P 0.001) - Going to die, (t (79) = 5.60, P 0.001) family will no more. These scores have been derived from the high school students, and there might be case of gender biasness and all the studi es lacks clinical verifications of the fact. Discussion: Until now, it has been clear that bushfire is highly related with the psychopathology. Bushfire can not only affect the environment, moreover causes repercussion affect on pregnancy, cause weight loss for the new born and bring in post trauma syndrome. Self-administrated screening will allow efficient post disaster response and effective intervention of psychological effect (Bryant et al., 2017). Further studies on the effect of the bushfire has portrayed long term consequences bushfire exposure and importance of chronic change in emotional as well as behavioural changes in the children. Generational repercussions and PTSD cause disturbance lead to childhood disturbance and psychological disturbance for the parents (Bryant et al., 2014). As discussed by the ODonnell, physical repercussion of PTDS and correlation with PTSD also supports the generational effect. Problem of bushfire management: Bushfire is one of the drastic natural disaster that let many people become homeless and landless. Thus, bushfire management is necessary in order to control any situation like this. However, successive government change has failed to provide any clear roadmap for this purpose. One of the major reasons for the lack of bushfire management is the lack of proper researches regarding the Australian bushfire. However, recent researches and government initiation to bring in wildfire control mechanism is limelight for the people of Australia (Douglas, 2016). One of the main problems of bushfire management is lack of fund from the government and it has lead to lower number of research and development. Though there has been attempts to the bushfire management, however, it has failed because the framework does not include psychological factors and post bushfire exposure scenario; rather it focuses on the factors that are mainly associated with the monetary value of the loss (Florec et al., 201 6). Psychological influences of bushfires: Studies suggest that the bushfire possess high level of PTSD due to magnitude and reach. According to the researches, PTSD is persistent for the 30 to 40% of people who were exposed to the bushfire (Fergusson Boden, 2014). Moreover, it has also been seen that 42% of the people who were exposed to the bushfire like Black Saturday are now going through psychiatric diagnosis. Because most of them suffer from anxiety, PTSD, depression and other physical challenges as discussed by the McNeill et al. Considering this facts, it can be stated that there is huge psychological influence of bushfire and it can lean to persistent physical and mental issues. Limitation: Throughout the study, most of the authors analysed the magnitude, reason and mitigation for the casualty of bushfire, and they are constrained to make any comparison between the reason, effect and mitigation plan beyond the geographical boundaries. Moreover, intrinsic nature of the studies available for the effect of bushfire in Australia is self-assessment rather than systemic review. Moreover, most of the studies have used only the voluntary represented data; thus, there is a scope that much or entire involuntary data related to bushfire is absent. This can lead to biasness in study and make the findings unjustified. For further researches though most of the researches has kept some tailed question with their outcome, however most of them has failed to provide a systematic review of the previous articles. Thus, more researches is required on the bushfire to let the people aware about it and reduce the scope of vulnerability for the people and communities who lives near to the prone areas of bushfire. Solution for Australias bushfire: Australia has faced most of the cases of bushfire since 1950. Thus, the country has evolved largely to become where it is now. From the studies, it can be chalked out that Australia has learned to control the outburst of bushfire largely, however it has not yet been effective enough to pave path for controlling the trauma post bushfire exposure. Bushfire, being a natural phenomenon cannot be controlled, however, researches show that most of the people suffer from physical and mental trauma once they are exposed to the bushfire and it affects their education, personal and work life. Thus, it is necessary for the Australian government to bring in comprehensive solution for bushfire. Recently it has been found that Australian government has brought in Community Development Approach and Centralised Case Management Service in order to reduce the psychological trauma after exposure to the bushfire. Moreover, it has been argued that government need to tune the intergovernmental connection in order to take swift response in case of bushfire. In this case, wildfire case installation for bushfire response can be beneficial rather than utilizing the age old Wait and See program. Role of NGO: Australia is one of the largest countries that provide universal health coverage to its citizens. When it comes to bushfire, then the government hospitals are the main medical institute that provide all the medical facilities to the fellow citizens (Shahparvari et al., 2017). However, when it comes to acute case of bushfire like Black Friday, then the Non Governmental organisations are one of the major players that provide wide array of services. Ranging from supplying fire fighters to providing medical assistance to the victims, NGOs play an important role and besides this, they provide psychological support to the victims of the bushfire. Wide array of services that are provided by the NGOs in the case of bushfire in Australia are as follows (Weir, 2016): Psychological support Case management service Temporary housing Community service Role of medical students: Medical student are the backbone of the medical system of a country. Without help from the medical students, it will not be possible to provide any medical service to the person who need ailment. From the above analysis, it has been clear that bushfire cause, serious physical and mental condition the survivors. Medical students can aid the survivors to attain relief both from the physical and mental aspect and aid them to lead a stable life. Better role of medical student can bring in the admission time for the patient to a much lower level and it will effectively help the Australian government to reduce the time taken for the medical service (FitzGerald, Tarrant Aitken, 2016). By implementing the rules and guidelines for bushfire patients, into the course curriculum government can teach their medical students to become potent for handling any bushfire situation and let them know what to do during the time of emergency like Black Saturday. Conclusion: The study has analysed the trend of research for modelling psychological effect of bushfire and it has found various notable points. Initially the report has found that there is huge lack of preparedness for bushfire in Australia and if the lack of coordination among the government industries remain continued, then it would bring in devastating situation for the Australian government. The study has identified there is community and regional barriers, that constrained the humans to become aware about the bushfires. Most of the current studies argue that it is better to lift the barrier up and let the community overlap the problem of bushfire with inter communal understanding. However, besides this the report argues that governmental plans and implementations are necessary. With proper long-term planning and effective implementation, it is aimed that trauma during post exposure to bushfire can greatly be reduce with the aid from NGOs and medical students. References: Bassilios, B., Nicholas, A., Reifels, L., King, K., Fletcher, J., Machlin, A., ... Pirkis, J. (2016). Achievements of the Australian Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program: summarising (almost) a decade of key evaluation data.International journal of mental health systems,10(1), 61. Booth, K., Tranter, B., Eriksen, C. (2015). Properties under fire: why so many Australians are inadequately insured against disaster. Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O'Donnell, M., Forbes, D., Felmingham, K. L., Silove, D., ... Nickerson, A. (2017). Separation from parents during childhood trauma predicts adult attachment security and post-traumatic stress disorder.Psychological Medicine, 1-8. Bryant, R. A., Waters, E., Gibbs, L., Gallagher, H. C., Pattison, P., Lusher, D., ... Sinnott, V. (2014). Psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,48(7), 634-643. Campos, R. C., Holden, R. R., Laranjeira, P., Troister, T., Oliveira, A. R., Costa, F., ... Fresca, N. (2016). Self-report depressive symptoms do not directly predict suicidality in nonclinical individuals: Contributions toward a more psychosocial approach to suicide risk.Death studies,40(6), 335-349. Douglas, G. (2016). Bushfire management for private land.Nature New South Wales,60(3), 22. Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M. (2014). The psychological impacts of major disasters.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,48(7), 597-599. FitzGerald, G. J., Tarrant, M., Aitken, P. (Eds.). (2016).Disaster Health Management: A Primer for Students and Practitioners. Taylor Francis. Fleming, P. S., Koletsi, D., Pandis, N. (2014). Blinded by PRISMA: are systematic reviewers focusing on PRISMA and ignoring other guidelines?.PLoS One,9(5), e96407. Florec, V., Pannell, D., Burton, M., Kelso, J., Milne, G. (2016, August). Think long term: the costs and benefits of prescribed burning in the south west of Western Australia. InResearch Forum 2016: Proceedings from the Research Forum at the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC AFAC Conference(Vol. 30, p. 139). Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC ISBN: 978-0-9941696-6-2 September 2016. Gibbs, L., Sia, K. L., Block, K., Baker, E., Nelsson, C., Gilbert, J., ... MacDougall, C. (2015). Cost and outcomes associated with participating in the Community Fireguard Program: Experiences from the Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria, Australia.International journal of disaster risk reduction,13, 375-380. Holmes, A., Rdiger, C., Mueller, B., Hirschi, M., Tapper, N. (2017). Variability of soil moisture proxies and hot days across the climate regimes of Australia.Geophysical Research Letters. Jackson, D., Bartl, D., Tong, D., Layland, J. (2016). Bushfires, not to be Taken Light Heartedly.J Clin Exp Cardiolog,7(426), 2. Liu, J. C., Pereira, G., Uhl, S. A., Bravo, M. A., Bell, M. L. (2015). A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke.Environmental research,136, 120-132. Lohm, D., Davis, M. (2015). Between bushfire risk and love of environment: preparedness, precariousness and survival in the narratives of urban fringe dwellers in Australia.Health, Risk Society,17(5-6), 404-419. McNeill, I. M., Dunlop, P. D., Skinner, T. C., Morrison, D. L. (2015). Predicting delay in residents decisions on defending v. evacuating through antecedents of decision avoidance.International Journal of Wildland Fire,24(2), 153-161. Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., ... Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement.Systematic reviews,4(1), 1. Moskwa, E. C., Ahonen, I., Santala, V., Weber, D., Robinson, G. M., Bardsley, D. K. (2016). Perceptions of bushfire risk mitigation and biodiversity conservation: a systematic review of fifteen years of research.Environmental Reviews,24(3), 219-232. Parker, A. (2016). Selective clearing of bush close to houses is the top bushfire mitigation strategy.Australian Planner,53(2), 152-155. Paton, D., Johnston, D. (2017).Disaster resilience: an integrated approach. Charles C Thomas Publisher. Pfitzer, B., Katona, L. J., Lee, S. J., O'Donnell, M., Cleland, H., Wasiak, J., Ellen, S. (2017). Three Years After Black Saturday: Long-Term Psychosocial Adjustment of Burns Patients as a Result of a Major Bushfire.JOURNAL OF BURN CARE RESEARCH,38(5), 334-334. Rich, J., Booth, A., Rowlands, A., Redd, P. (2016). Bushfire support services and the need for evaluation: The 2013 Blue Mountains experience.Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The,31(1), 8. Rigby, K. (2016). 14 Literature, ethics and bushfire in Australia.Humanities for the Environment: Integrating Knowledge, Forging New Constellations of Practice, 210. Shahparvari, S., Abbasi, B., Chhetri, P., Abareshi, A. (2017). Fleet routing and scheduling in bushfire emergency evacuation: A regional case study of the Black Saturday bushfires in Australia.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. Underwood, R. (2017). Disaster awaits as advice again goes unheeded.News Weekly, (3006), 9. Weir, I., Leonard, J., Shackelton, C., Brinkman, J., Elliot, C. (2016). 2016 Australian Bushfire Building Conference.

Business Research Method Research Proposal Financial Performances

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Method Research Proposalfor Financial Performances. Answer: Introduction: Financial performances of a business entity play a crucial role in handling all the internal activities (Edirisooriyaa 2014). In this research study, the focus will be on the evaluation of the kind of impact financial performances of an organization can have on the satisfaction level of the employees. For that reason, the study will consider Bank of Queensland Limited to highlight the significance of maintaining financial standards to encourage employees to give their best at the workplace. Bank of Queensland has focused on evaluating different strategies to improve its financial condition at different level. Bank of Queensland was established in 1874 with the objective of providing retail-banking services to the Australian people. Recent performance assessment as highlighted the fact that financial earnings of Bank of Queensland has dropped by 3%, which has affected internal management of the operational process (boq.com.au 2017). For instance, Bank of Queensland has facing problem of providing proper benefit level to all the employees. It would create direct impact on the motivational level of the employees towards performing their provided responsibilities. As a result, it would direct adverse impact on the performance level of the employees. The study will focus on highlighting the significance of maintaining financial performances for encouraging employees to perform at their optimum level. Literature Review: Impact of Reward and remuneration on employee performances: As highlighted by Shields et al. (2015) reward and remuneration has greater impact in maintaining the mental setup of the employees. For that reason, several organizations have focused on developing clear and effective remuneration and reward system for fulfilling the business objectives in an appropriate way. It has been assessed that employee with higher level of remuneration has tried to provide superior impact on the performance level. Moreover, Anitha (2014) have highlighted the fact that employee performance heavily depends on the satisfaction and motivational level of the employees. Therefore, it is necessary for all the business entities to focus on maintaining the positive work culture in an appropriate manner. However, it is necessary for the management of business entities to evaluate the performance level of all the employees at the time of deciding the remuneration package. Otherwise, it might create negative impact on the performance level of the employees (Dobre 2013). On the other hand, higher pay structure or remuneration package increases the cost associated with the operational process. Therefore, in order to maintain the higher remuneration for all the employees, organizations need to be on the financially strong position. Otherwise, it might not able to achieve sustainable expansion in the market. Other variables associated with financial condition that can have impact on employee performances: As opined by AbuKhalifeh and Som (2013) financial condition of business entities play a major role in fulfilling the entire requirements of the operational process. Strong financial condition allows organizations to include proper amount of resources for fulfilling the business activities. Conversely, financially weak position induces organizations to focus on completing all the requirements with the limited resources. As a result, it increases the amount of pressure that employees will have to face in performing their provided responsibilities. It directly affected the work life balance of the employees. Thus, it eventually creates negative impact on the satisfaction and motivational level of the employees, which also create negative impact on the overall performance level. As highlighted by Boeri, Lucifora and Murphy (2013) financially strong condition provides assurance to the employees regarding the career enhancement process. Therefore, it induces employees to remain associated with the business entities for a long period of time. Otherwise, organizations will have to deal with high employee turnover issue, which eventually affect the overall performance level. For that reason, it is necessary for the organizations to maintain financial condition at the desired level to motivate the employees to perform beyond their capabilities. Research Questions: The study would consider following questions: What is the satisfaction level of the employees working in the Australian banking sector regarding their remuneration? What are the prime challenges that Bank of Queensland is facing in order to satisfy its employees? What is impact of present remuneration package initiated by Bank of Queensland in maintaining employee performances? What is the best possible way for Bank of Queensland to improve present financial performances? Research Methodology: According to Mackey and Gass (2015) outcome of any study depends on the selected methodology, as it allows the study to move forward towards a particular direction. Now, in order to use methodology effectively, the study needs to cover research philosophy, approach and design perspectives. Now, in order to understand the impact of financial condition of Bank of Queensland on the employee performances, the study would consider positivism research philosophy. It would allow constructing hypothesis based on the present financial condition of Bank of Queensland. Therefore, it would eventually help to include appropriate information related to the research topic (Silverman 2016). On the other hand, the research would not focus on other philosophies due to time limitation. In addition, the research would focus on deductive approach, as it can help to include different previous studies and concepts appropriately. Thus, it would help to include information regarding the significance of finan cial condition on the employee performances. Moreover, it would help to test the formulated hypothesis in an effective way (Flick 2015). Conversely, the research study would not focus on the inductive research approach, as the topic does not require any introduction of new concepts or theories. For understanding the importance of the financial condition of Bank of Queensland on employee performances, the study would choose descriptive research design. As per the article by Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) descriptive research design can help the study to include appropriate design in a major way. It also would help to identify the factors that can have major impact on the performance level of the employees. Therefore, it can help Bank of Queensland to focus on the development of effective decision-making process for enhancing the performance level of the employees in an effective manner. Project Plan: Referred to appendix section Research Process: According to Panneerselvam (2014), research process represents the systematic completion of all the required activities. The first step would focus on establishment of clear aim and objectives to direct the study towards a particular direction. Therefore, it would focus on proper evaluation of the background of the study. The second step would focus on developing literature review section based on the impact of financial condition on the employee performances. In this step, the study will include several previous literatures regarding the employee performance perspectives to add value to the research study. The third step of the study would consider proper utilization of research methodology perspective to ensure that all the objectives can be fulfilled in an efficient manner. Fourth step of the study would focus on the selection of data collection and analysis technique so that it can able to depict the actual situation efficiently. The step also focuses on identifying best possible tools for analyzing the collected data in an effective manner. Fifth step focuses on the proper conclusion of the study where all the requirements are meet at the optimum level. It would also focuses on identification of proper recommended strategies for enhancing the performance level of the employees. Data Collection and Analysis Method: According to Flick (2015), data collection process help the study to include in-depth information about the research topic. In order to understand the impact of financial condition of Bank of Queensland on employee performances, the study would consider primary data collection technique. Here, the study would only focuses on the quantitative data collection approach to understand the trend in an effective manner. Moreover, it would also help to include different perspective of the respondents in an efficient manner. For that reason, the study would include online survey strategy to collect appropriate information about the research topic. In order to estimate the impact of financial condition of Bank of Queensland on the employee performances, the study would focus on using non-probability sampling technique. Here, the study would choose 100 employees working in Bank of Queensland to assess the exact amount of impact that financial condition of the organization can have on the perfor mance level of the employees. In addition, the study would also consider statistical techniques like mean, median, mode, correlation and regression for analyzing the captured information appropriately. Expected Research Outcomes: The discussion has highlighted the fact that the research study will include all possible factors associated with the financial condition of Bank of Queensland that can have impact on the performance level of the employees. Therefore, it is expected that the study will provide best possible way to maintain the bonding strong between the employee performance and financial condition. Moreover, it is expected that the study will also provide an idea regarding the kind of impact that decreasing financial growth of Bank of Queensland will have on the employee performances. It is also expected that the study will provide effective recommendation for keeping the performance level of the employees at the desired level. References: AbuKhalifeh, A.A.N. and Som, A.P.M., 2013. The antecedents affecting employee engagement and organizational performance.Asian Social Science,9(7), p.41. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Boeri, T., Lucifora, C. and Murphy, K.J., 2013.Executive remuneration and employee performance-related pay: a transatlantic perspective. Oxford University Press. boq.com.au, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.boq.com.au [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017]. Dobre, O.I., 2013. Employee motivation and organizational performance.Journal of Management and Socio-Economic, (1). Edirisooriyaa, W.A., 2014, February. Impact of Rewards on Employee Performance: With Special Reference to ElectriCo. InProceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Management and Economics(Vol. 26, p. 27). Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Essays (622 words) -

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Comparison and Contrast Essay To turn Jim in, or not to turn Jim in, that is the question that Huck is faced with in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. Whether it is nobler to protect a friend or to give in to the demands of society by ending a friendship. This novel portrays a period in American history where most Southern whites considered blacks as a piece of property. Huck, a white Southern boy, and Jim, a run-away slave, had a friendship that was inappropriate in society. During their adventurous journey, Huck would have to confront the consequences of protecting a run-away slave, if he decided to give Jim protection. Throughout this novel the relationship between Huck and Jim differs in and out of society because of Huck's feelings towards Jim. These two adventurers had planned to leave the Mississippi and go North, but missed their chance. The river took them farther and farther South. If Jim was caught, he would be in big trouble. If Huck didn't turn Jim in, he would also be in big trouble. Huck found himself battling with his conscience, when he realized how close Jim was to his freedom, "...I begun to get it through my head that he was most free?and who was to blame for it? Why, me. I couldn't get that out of my conscience, no how nor no way." (pg.85) Turning Jim in would be difficult, since he was a benevolent and amiable man. It was not righteous that he should be hurt, but if Huck helped Jim run away, he would have to turn his back on his own people. He would be saying slavery, and everyone who believed in it, was wrong. Huck came to the decision to tell someone about Jim that will force him back into slavery. Soon enough they encountered two white men on a skiff. During this incident Huck perceived that his feelings to protect Jim were stronger than his feelings to turn him in. He lied when the men asked if Jim was white or black. Each time they encountered other people who might turn Jim in, Huck was prepared to reveal another untrue story. Huck knew that Jim counted on him to protect him and not betray him, since they had a special friendship that most whites and blacks would never have, "...you's de bes' fren' Jim's ever had; en you's de only fren' ole Jim's got now." (pg. 87) When Huck and Jim are alone, Jim can't help talking about what he is going to do once he becomes free and Huck couldn't quite bare that kind of talk. "It most froze me to hear such talk. He wouldn't ever dared to talk such talk in his life before." (pg.86) But Huck continued to protect Jim in society, he was able to fool anyone in order to make sure Jim was safe. Outside of society Huck didn't have to pretend anything. In society he had to fight back his guiltiness and hide Jim. The special friendship that Huck and Jim had together contrasted greatly from the conservative relationships between whites and blacks in the South. Whites felt that slaves had no feelings whatsoever, but Huck knew that Jim had feelings just like everyone else. They gave concern for one another and in some ways Jim was like a father figure to Huck. As they spent more time with each other, their friendship grew stronger and stronger until Huck could sacrifice things for Jim. Mark Twain presented the terrible existence of slavery and gives the reader a big adventure in how a white can sacrifice so much for a slave to reach freedom.

The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Exposure Poem Essays

The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Exposure Poem Essays The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Exposure Poem Paper The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Exposure Poem Paper Essay Topic: Literature A more experienced poet known as Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote the Charge Of The Light Brigade. He was born in 1809 and died of old age in 1892. He wrote The Charge Of The Light Brigade in response to a Newspaper Report from the Times, which was written by W. H. Russel, so his understanding of the war was from second hand knowledge, he was removed from the action. Unlike Wilfred Owen, who wrote Exposure. Owen was born in 1893 and died at a very young age in 1918. The reason for his young death was, he was a participant in the war and died during battle, so his was writing from his own experiences. Although Owen was a less experienced writer, his poems only really became known after his death, as he had a less authorative voice. The main similarities between the two poems is that they are both writing about wars, however both wars are from a different time and so are fought in completely different ways. Tennyson wrote The Charge Of The Light Brigade about the Crimean war, which was originally between France and Russia but Britain joined because she worried about her security. The Crimean war was fought on horseback, which meant that it would be over fairly quickly. I think this because it would have been one charge, this battle would then have gone on until all the soldiers in one side were injured or dead. He was very far removed from the action, as he didnt even witness the war, so his poem written is third hand. Where as Owen wrote Exposure from first hand experience. For these reasons I may be able to place more value on Wilfred Owens poem. The First World War was fought over several years and the soldiers spent a lot of that time in trenches. The mood, tone and language in each poem are completely different from the other. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade the mood is very light and gives the feeling that all the soldiers, were excited about what they were doing. This is helped by the fact that Tennyson doesnt go into the atrocities of the war, instead writing of When horse and hero fell. Here he is basically saying that they have been shot down, but the way Tennyson puts it, its like its not that dramatic, when it is. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade it doesnt really distinguish those soldiers that died in battle and those that lived, Then they rode back, but not the six hundred. This is what I think plays a big part in making the mood of the poem so light, as it avoids death, which is upsetting. Where as in Exposure the mood is very depressing and dismal as Owen is constantly saying how the soldiers were being attacked in different ways. He mentions the weather attacking them, which can be seen from in the merciless iced winds that knive us. As well as things like the barbed wire in front of the enemies trenches, Like twitching agonies of men amongst its brambles. However the poem doesnt mention soldiers attacking them, which may indicate that the weather and other things were more threatening and chilling, then the enemy. In Exposure Owen speaks of the soldiers pain and this is what I think makes the poem so disheartening to read, because he is trying to show how war causes suffering and reduces the soldiers. Unlike Tennyson who is trying to honour and glorify the soldiers and so making the poem seem more pleasant. However in some ways the poems are similar as the language used indicates that poets generalise and universalise all the men in the war. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is a lot more structured then Exposure. This is because in Tennysons poem he talks about the different stages of the battle, where as Owen doesnt really mention battle, its more about the soldiers suffering. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade Tennyson goes through each stage of the battle, within each individual stanza. So in the first stanza the soldiers have been ordered to start their charge. The second stanza is quite an important part of the poem, as we discover that the soldiers had been given the wrong order. However because they are so disciplined and loyal to their country, no one questions it. Tennyson is trying to glorify and honour the soldiers so he simply says, Not though soldiers knew, someone had blundered. In the third stanza the soldiers are in range of the enemys guns and in stanza four, the soldiers are forced to turn back because so many men have been killed. Even though at this point the British soldiers are being defeated Tennyson emphasises their bravery. That takes the readers attention off the fact that they are losing so badly. An example of this is, Sabring the gunners there. The word sabring has been used very cleverly as it gives the reader the impression that the British soldiers were hacking away at the Russians, because Tennyson was writing the poem to honour The Light Brigade. In stanza five the British soldiers are still not out of danger despite turning back, as more Russians have come in behind them, so even more soldiers get killed. Stanza six is simply Tennyson reflecting on their bravery. In Exposure there isnt such an obvious structure. In stanza one Owen talks about the soldiers being attacked by the weather and in stanza two they are being attacked by the enemys barbed wire and it goes on like this. The weather is continually being described in different ways, one very effective way is when Owen uses alliteration, Dawn massing in the East her melancholy army. There is no real progression to the poem because it mirrors what is going on in the war, as they are stuck in trenches. The rhythm in each poem is completely different form the other. The Charge Of The Light Brigade has a very lively and energetic feel to it, this is due to its incredibly fast pace. In contrast Exposure has a very slow rhythm like the progress of the war. However in the third stanza there is a change in pace and it picks up just a little bit. This is due to the rhythm sounding like the bullets being described in the stanza, Sudden successive bullets streak the silence like the shells being shot in The Charge Of The Light Brigade. But the pace returns to its gloomy rhythm in the next stanza. In The charge Of The Light Brigade the rhythm of the poem sounds very much like the rhythm the galloping horses would make, this can be seen from Half a league, half a league onward, all in the valley of death rode the six hundred. I also think that the discipline of the British soldiers shows in the discipline of the rhythm. Each poem gives a completely different image of war, because they were written for different purposes and from different points of view. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade Tennyson uses a lot of similes and metaphors to create tension in the poem. He also uses similes to give the reader a better image of the battle and to show how heroic the soldiers were. Where as in Exposure Owen uses similes and metaphors to show how much the soldiers around him have been reduced, and the only thing they have to keep them going is happy memories. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade the first noticeable and most repeated image is All in the valley of death. I think that Tennyson choose to describe the charge like this because death is a very moving word. The word all unites the soldiers and due to the image of the extreme danger, given by the word death, shows the soldiers bravery, it also gives the idea of a big sacrifice. Not only do we get the feeling of danger, but Tennyson also discreetly describes sounds, through the use of onomatopoeia, Volleyed and thundered. I think that this is really clever, as it adds realism to the poem. When Tennyson uses alliteration, the words he uses sound like the hissing of the artillery on the battlefield. An example of this is Stormed at with shot and shell. Tennyson uses euphemism to describe the British soldiers killing the enemy; he uses words like flashed and sabring. The British soldiers are basically killing people, but the way Tennyson describes it, its as if they are doing it elegantly and almost gracefully. All of these images give the main picture that the war was glorious. The reason we get this image of the war is because Tennyson hides the realities behind euphemism, unlike Owen who shows the war for what it really is. Right from the first word our we immediately know that it has been written from the point of view of the narrator. Owen gives a very chilling image to the war because he has experienced it, he can say what he has seen and felt. The use of personification shows how the soldiers looked on the outside: Attacks once more in ranks, on ranks of shivering grey. Here Owen is talking about the weather attacking the soldiers, because the soldiers looked so grey and dull. Owen also adds shivering to the sentence, which could show that not only were they shivering because they were cold, but because they feel cold in their hearts like theyve been forgotten. Owen uses alliteration to emphasise that the men have no luxuries, unlike Tennyson who used alliteration to show the excitement of the war. In Exposure the uses of alliteration gives the reader the image that its as if the weather is trying to find them to put them through more distress, this can be seen from Pale flakes with fingering stealth come feeling for our faces. However I think Owen saves the most moving image for the end, unlike Tennyson who reflects on the heroism of the men during the battle, Owen shows just how terrible it is. In the final stanza Owen creates a very strong image, Pause over half-known faces. All their eyes are iced. To begin with it seems as though Owen is talking about the dead soldiers eyes being iced, because they are dead, but he is also talking about all the soldiers who are still alive and have to look at them. Owen is saying that in order to cope with what the soldiers have to face out in the trenches their eyes have also iced over, as they have no feeling any more. In Exposure we get the impression that it is probably easier to be dead, as you have gone to a better place and the pain and suffering stops, as soon as your spirit leaves your body. When I read Charge Of The Light Brigade I didnt feel very much inside, because the images that were given through the use of personification and other things were glorious. In Exposure the image seemed very real, because the poet was really writing from the heart and it made me feel quiet and lonely inside. Exposure and The Charge Of The Light Brigade both use repetition to show the reader that there have been casualties in the war. In The Charge Of The light Brigade different words are repeated to highlight different things. To emphasise the courage of the charge Tennyson repeats, Forward, the light brigade and The valley of death, which gives the idea that there is no turning back. In stanza two, three lines begin with their. This is used to show the discipline of the soldiers, that not one of them is questioning the wrong order. At the end of the first three stanzas Tennyson is still repeating, Rode the six hundred, this use of repetition gives the idea that the soldiers are still alive. However the final line of stanza four, Not the six hundred shows that not all the soldiers were going to come back from the valley of death. In stanza five some of the lines from stanza three are repeated, Cannon to the right of them, this gives the idea that even though they are on their way back the danger still surrounds them. At the end of stanza five Tennyson has said, Left of six hundred. He is still repeating six hundred, but has changed the words in front of it, to give the idea that the number of losses was more then the number of survivors. Exposure doesnt have has much repetition in as The Charge Of The Light Brigade, but it too has the majority of its repetition at the end of each stanza. The repetition of But nothing happens in three of the stanzas and the final stanza, give the image that the soldiers are almost waiting to die. The use of repetition in this ways indicates that they feel forgotten, because they have gone out to the trenches to do a job, and they are unable to do that job properly. In stanzas five, six and seven Owen repeats, dying at the end of each stanza. By doing this I get the impression that not only are the soldiers dieing because they are being attacked, but their spirits are dying as well as their love for things, its like they have lost themselves in the strong winds that surround them. So in both poems the use of repetition sums up the casualties of war, in Exposure they are shown in a more harsh way, then in The Charge Of The Light Brigade. Both poems are completely different in the way they portray the war, in that Exposure uses realism and The Charge Of The Light Brigade uses euphemism. The reason for there being such a lot of euphemism in The Charge Of The Light Brigade is because Tennyson wants to praise the soldiers. He also uses euphemism to hide behind the grim realities of life. A very good example of euphemism in the poem is, Sabring the gunners there. It is basically saying that the British soldiers were hacking away and killing the enemy, but it isnt described like that because the aim of Tennysons poem was to honour the soldiers. The word sabring makes the British soldiers sounds elegant and sophisticated, as if they arent doing anything wrong. So in order to honour the Light Brigade Tennyson hides behind euphemism. In contrast Owen uses realism in his poem because he wants to show war for what it really is. In everything he says he is very blunt and relates even the simplest things to every day horrors. By using realism Owen shows the reader that the only thing the soldiers have to keep them going are memories, an example of this is, Slowly our ghosts drag home: glimpsing the sunk fires glozed. This emphasises that the soldiers have no luxuries and how now they take nothing for granted, because they now realise it isnt always going to be there for them. The reason for The Charge Of The light Brigade using euphemism and Exposure using realism, is because each writer is trying to give a different image of the war, for different reasons using these methods. In conclusion both poems appear to be very similar when I first looked at them, however the only thing they have in common is that they are both about wars. The reason they only have this in common is for two reasons. The first reason is that both wars were completely different types of wars. The second reason and the most important, is that the writers show different attitudes towards war. In Charge Of The Light Brigade Tennyson wrote the poem to honour and glorify the soldiers that fought in the war. So the way he presents the poem, its as if Tennyson is saying that war is good thing to part of. I think the other reason for him putting such a positive image on the war was because he didnt fight in it, therefore there are no feelings included in his poem. So because Tennyson approves of the soldiers loyalty there are no signs of irony. Where as in Exposure Owen, who fought in the war, is able to include feelings. Due to having such a horrible time in the trenches, these feelings are sad and seem painful, putting war in a completely different light. Unlike Owen, Tennyson believed that no good could come from war, and although Owen is against war Exposure isnt an anti-war poem. However the one attitude that both writers show in their poems, is that you have to fight sometimes to preserve what is good.

Peachtree Heathcare Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peachtree Heathcare Paper - Essay Example Minimal time to implement the system is caused by increased instability of the system, which might affect quality of patient care (Glaser, 2001). The Peachtree HealthCare has two viable options to this challenge. This is either implementing the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) system or a Monolithic based system. The SOA system is flexible and its implementation takes place in stages in order to reduce the risk of failure. There is a potential deal to this system though new and unpredictable in the industry. The Monolithic system is a full unification of the entire healthcare facilities into a single entity with multiple branches through standardization of the whole business. Four major commentaries exist concerning these two systems. These are George C. Halvorson (CEO), Monte Ford (CIO), Randy Heffner (service-oriented architecture) and John A. Kaster, a professor of medicine(Glaser, 2001). Personal opinion My opinion on overcoming these challenges posed by the IT infrastructure is that a clear assessment of the situation and analysis of an optimal solution should be considered. Importantly, the business model of the hospital system, its strategies and the impact of the system to the organization should be viewed critically. Additionally, reliability, security of a new system, implementation and the process of service delivery should be considered. Evaluation of the available choices to Peachtree HealthCare and focusing on particular issues to its business and IT system may provide the best solution. The main specific issues that face Peachtree include the absence of standardization throughout the various locations and related problems associated with healthcare and standardization. A business model and strategy will therefore dictate the requirements of the IT system. Hence, it’s importantto consider them first.Factors such as flexibility, scalability, cost and efficiency are vital evaluation criteria of choosing the viable IT system(Glaser, 2001). A monolithic system allows the implementation of standard procedures across hospitals with minimal chances of failure. The monolithic approach is not new compared to the SOA system hence its challenges, costs and to some level, its benefits are well known in the setting of a healthcare. A monolithic system reduces the chances of failure by reducing the risk through sticking to its schedule and resisting change. Despite this, a poorly planned system is prone to fail and thus makes even the monolithic system to be risky. Use of a monolithic system reduces risk though it locks doctors into standardized procedures thereby decreasing the quality of care. Therefore, myopinion was that a monolithic system should be implemented to remedy the IT challenges faced by Peachtree. This is because SOA system will be extremely expensive to Peachtree(Glaser, 2001). However, after reading the commentaries of the four professionals,I changed my opinion on various grounds. First, I recognized the main concern to be the resistance by the doctors regarding standardization and a new system as brought forward by John A. Kaster. He claims that the monolithic system will make surgery almost impossible while the SOA system will fail unless well planned.The use of an IT system