The Theory Of Egoism And Altruism - 1511 Words

In this paper I will argue that selecting only one form of egoism is not enough to explain human motives and that it takes a mix of several theories to explain it, specifically a mix of ethical egoism and altruism, with the side note that intent is not important in this situation. The mix is important, as any one theory seemingly fails to encapsulate the scope of human interactions. Pure ethical egoism, the idea that each person should only try to help themselves, makes people out to be too greedy and seemingly unwilling to help anyone at any point in their lives. Pure altruism, the idea that people should use their abilities and advantages to exclusively help others, makes people too willing to sacrifice what they have for someone else. If people were completely altruistic nothing would ever be accomplished and eventually those advantages would become erased as people stop working to better themselves. I also believe that the intent of the action is not important so the morality of the action should be directly tied to the outcome, not the thought process of the person doing the action. All of these ideas will be explained in more detail later in the paper. This paper will look at each of these three factors individually, show why they are insufficient for explaining human motives on their own and then explain how they can all work in conjunction to better explain human motives. This paper will then go on to show how someone might disagree with this thesis by providing someShow MoreRelatedAltruism: The Illusion of Self-Interest Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe behavior of altruism in an individual is when it brings more costs than benefits for the benefit of another individual. Altruism comes from the Latin word Alter which means the others. This translation of alturism describes it relatively well. 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The main issue with determining whether a helping act is truly altruistic is one of motivation; if we cannot determine whether an act stems from a desire to benefit others or some kind of ulterior motive, altruism is difficult to demonstrate (Rushton Sorrentino, 1981, cited in Hogg VaughanRead MoreBenefits Of Raising Minimum Wage1291 Words   |  6 Pagesstates and the District of Columbia pay above the minimum federal level of $7.25 per hour. The raising of the minimum wage has numerous supporters; however, there are individuals who are opposed. The analyzation of ethical theories, such as, utilitarianism, altruism, and egoism will be utilized to obtain a more significant understanding of the importance to raise the minimum wage to a livable wage. According to registered voters, most Americans are in favor of raising the minimum wage to a $15 perRead MoreEgoism By Thomas Hobbes And Immanuel Kant1660 Words   |  7 PagesEgoism can be described as the theory of solely acting towards the advancement and good of one’s own self, without any other causes for action. While egoism has been interpreted differently throughout history, the two variants of egoism conceived by Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant are widely considered today to be theoretically bound and consistent. The egoism, described by Hobbes, conceives egoism as  a fully psychological motive that is within the minds of all human beings, who think only of theirRead MoreEgoism And Its Effects On Society819 Words   |  4 PagesEgoism states that humans need to do what is best for them. It claims that it is not only people’s right, but their duty to look after their own interests first. 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Fundamentals Of Network Security - 2504 Words

ICTN 6865: Fundamentals of Network Security Final Term Paper Professor’s Name: Dr. Phil Lunsford Student’s Name: Rahul Ravella Date: 10/25/14 Abstract Denial of Service also known as DoS is an attack that has been a part of cyber-attacks and cyber-terrorism for a long time. With the increase in the number of attacks on networks and websites, the need has come to implement better prevention systems to limit the number of attacks on the network. There are quite a few methods of countering these attacks that are already present but not a lot of networks have implemented them yet. This paper will talk about the different types of DoS attacks and their countermeasures. The paper will also talk about the advantages and†¦show more content†¦This causes the server to respond either really slowly or not at all, which causes the website to become unavailable or the service to not perform as it is supposed to. (Auburn University, 2009) The different type of Denial of Service attacks: Denial of Service attacks are characterized as an explicit attempt by a hacker so as to prevent a user from getting or using the desired resources. Examples of such an attack are: †¢ The prevention of legitimate network traffic by attempting to flood the network. †¢ Preventing access to a service by disrupting connections between the two machines. †¢ The prevention of accessing a service for a individual. †¢ The attempt to disrupt the services to a specific person or a system. (Lau, Simon Fraser Univ., Rubin, Smith, Trajkovic, 2000) Some of these attacks are as follows: ICMP Flood: There are many different types of these ICMP flood attacks. One of these attacks is called the Smurf attack. This attack creates a large amount of computer network traffic in the target’s network. It involves the sending of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) or ping requests to the many broadcast addresses of the internet protocol (IP). These messages contain spoofed broadcast ping messages. When the host receives the ICMP echo request, they send an immediate reply to the source address upon acceptance. So therefore when there are multiple broadcast networks, there can be

Separation Parents During Childhood Trauma -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Separation Parents During Childhood Trauma? Answer: Introduction: Bushfires are one of the one of the most disasters natural disaster that arises due to the extreme weather conditions; it can be lightning storm, unattended back brining or uncontrolled fire, which gives rise in the bushfires (Lohm Davis, 2015), . These disasters not only posses threats to the environment, moreover affects lot of individuals who lives in rural areas due to the proximity to the areas, which are prone to the bushfires. Occurrence of bushfire can be seen at a large scale in Australia owing to its arid and dry landscape. Dry weather condition of Australia gives fume to the sustainability of the bushfires and due this, magnitude of the disaster gets aggravated largely (Underwood, 2017). One of the horrific incidents of the bushfire in Australia is known as the Black Saturday, which took place on 7th February of 2009. There were more than four hundred cases of fire on that day, which was effect of dry climatic condition and temperature of 46.40C temperature of that day. I t cost the country 460,000 hectares of destroyed land and 78 or more affected communities. Bushfire possess substantial threat toward the healthcare system and the scenario is same with Australia to. For instance, Black Saturday caused 414 casualties and 13 deaths, which suppress the figures of Ash Wednesday that took place 26 years ago in 1983 (Bryant, et al., 2014). According to the estimations, bushfires in Australia from 1983 to 2009 has caused the country almost $ billion AUD (Booth, Tranter Eriksen, 2015). Moreover, Australian psychological institutes argue that bushfire in the country has victimised many people, who now suffer from mental and physical trauma due to exposure to the extensive heat (Gibbs et al., 2015). Coming to the environmental implication of the bushfire in Australia, it can has been estimated that almost one third of the countrys pollution is produced do this natural disaster. Ever growing instance of bushfire in the country possesses significant damage to the property, health as well as mental problem to the Australian citizens. This report incl udes systematic approach to search appraising and synthesising the literature it is aimed to discuss bushfire preparedness, recovery guidelines and responses. Besides this, the report will provide focus on the psychological impacts of the bushfires and provides recommendation to deal with this disaster. Methods: This report is based according to the PRISMA guideline using the systematic review of the published journals (Fleming, Koletsi Pandis, 2014). A comprehensive literature review has been done from the relevant documents, which are published during the year 1950 to 2017. Key words for searching relevant documents for literature review has been done base on the key publication found during the preliminary screening process. Search terms: For the search strategy, search terms used are as follows: Bush fire Bushfire Forest fire Wildfire For the exposure of the study, search terms used are as follows: Psychopathology Post traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Social welfare Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Mental health Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Information of sources: Research for appropriate documents has been done mainly from four databases, which are: PubMed an online database for biomedical and life science literature PsycINFO an online database for mental health care and behavioural science Scopus an online database that provides comprehensive literature on medicine, science, arts, social science, technology and humanities Google Scholar an online database that provides literature on various fields like medicine, science, technology, arts, humanities and others Web of Science Another online database provides literature on science, medicine, technologies Besides this, additional references for the literature related to bushfire in Australia has been sourced from the papers and journals published. Eligibility criteria: The report is based on the peer-reviewed articles based on the bushfire and its social impacts, which were published between 1950 to 2017. The researcher has used only those articles for detailed screening which sets the predetermined criteria for selection (Moher et al., 2015). As the benchmark of selection, the researcher has decided that only those articles, which are written in English completely , will be selected. Besides this, the researcher has omitted those articles, which describes bushfire of other countries rather than Australia, describes the impact of bushfire on animal kind excluding human. Additionally, conference abstract, non-research publication, grey literature, and unpublished studies has been omitted for the discussion. However, sources like CDC, WHO has been used in this report for proper explanation. Study selection: Following the PRISMA template, the report has identified only 9 articles through multi-tier screening process. Primarily titles of the article was analysed, then the abstract and later the strength of the paper has been assessed for proper selection of the study. Risk of biasness: Bush fire provides a huge impetus to the economy the risk of biasness has been reduce using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programs. Results: The study identified 522potential papers for the screening and out of them, the researches has selected 9 articles that fulfil the inclusion criteria as decided for the mini-systematic review. Details regarding the selected article has been summarised in the appendix (table 2). Out of the 711 papers, 139 was sourced from PsychINFO, 159 were from Pubmed, 183 from Scopus, 42 from Google Scholar and 188 from Web of Science. Besides this, the report has used external sources for finding the best studies, which is related to the bushfire. Mortality: Australia has faced 50 major bushfires since 1851, which has caused the country loss of 4 billion AUD, and 450,000 hectare of land (Jackson et al., 2016). Besides this, according to the Australian Government Attorney general Department, every year there is at least 16 mortalities recorded every year due to bushfire. Medical issues related to bushfire: There are very few documents regarding the bushfire in Australia and this has constrained the further research on this context (Moskwa et al., 2016). Without documentation of time and nature of medical support to the bushfires in the country, it has been quiet impossible for the researchers to accurately jot down the time of response. Most of the studies regarding the bushfire has centralised their discussion in US context that has lead it more troublesome situation (Parker, 2016). The Richardson and Kumar have done one of the best studies regarding the bushfire response time of Australia. According to their studies, injury to receipt of first aid took 2.17 hours (SD=2.80), who were taken to the Canberra Hospital and the mean time for ambulance arrival is 2.16 hours with SD of 2.02. According to their study mean time of admission was 6.62 hours with SD of 4.92 (Holmes et al., 2017). Among the 9 selected studies, only two discuss the repercussive psychological issue of bushfire in Australia. Study of McFarlane discussed the adjustments for children during post disaster and another article by Pfitzer et al. (2016) discuss the effect of bushfire on the maternal stress and its outcomes. According to the research of McFarlane, there were significant rise of behavioural and emotional issues, represented by the higher Rutter scores for the children who are exposed to the bushfire compared to the children who are unexposed (t=3.79, p0.001) (Bryant et al., 2017). According to multiple regression analysis, it has been seen that life events significantly do not contribute anything to the variance in the number o problems, which are face by the children due to bushfire (F=0.12, df=3, P=0.95) (Campos et al., 2016). On the other hand according to the study of ODonnell, bushfire has resulted in enhanced number of male cohort as compared to the subsequent years before prior to 2003 ((F=5.73, df=2, P= 0.003) for newborns and (F=1.58, df = 2, P=0.01) for the neonates). According to the studies of ODonnell, there was slight reduction in mean weight of children, whose mother is exposed to the bushfire compared to the mothers who are not (Fergusson Boden, 2014). Mean weight of children whose mother are exposed to the bushfire is 3454g, compared to the children, whose mother is not exposed to the bushfire is 3460g (Liu et al., 2015). However, same study has found that there is significant amount of relationship between the gestational age and bushfire exposure. Mitigation of psychological factors: One of the rising relevant topics for research is identification of the psychological barriers and effective preparedness (Paton Johnston, 2017). Besides this mitigation, strategy is another important field that need to be taken care of. Among the ten identified studies, fours have examined the different factors that affect the risk perception of bushfire. According to the McNeill et al. There is negative relationship between the positive preparedness and risk severity for all the studies. Preparation of defence of bushfire is (=0.18, p0.0018), preparation for evacuation is (=0.26, p0.0018) and resilience house (=0.23, p0.0018), and variables for planning (=-0.15, p0.0018). Moreover, warning reliability and electricity loss to the resilience house (=-0.11, p 0.0018) and resilience of house (=-0.11, p0.0018) respectively is statistically significant. Besides this, various researches has identified trait anxiety as a mediator towards the preparedness, with variance of (=-0.086). Accor ding to the studies, there is lack of government coordination and cross agency support is absent. This has given rise in problematic situation of bushfire in Australia. According to the study, sufferer, who is severely affected by the bushfire Black Friday, is either under age of 12 years or aged more than 70 years (Douglas, 2016). This has leaded them towards the chronic disability and special care is needed to be taken in order to nurse them. One of the potent solutions for mitigating the psychological trauma of the people who has suffered from the bushfire can be implementation of predetermined and structured screening criteria (Lohm Davis, 2015). This would be tasked to find out any special need to control the devastating effect of the bushfire and ring the alarm bell well before it is going to take place considering the environmental and circumstantial evidences. This will not only aid fire prone areas to control the magnitude of casualties and loss of wealth in their area, moreover it will help to suppress the disaster as well. According to the study of Anton et al. Humans are the key factors for preparedness and mitigation of the disaster and cross sectional analysis of data proves it (adjusted R2 = 0.130, F (5, 144) = 5.46, p0.05) (Rigby, 2016). Psychological screening: Psychological intervention is necessary during the self-administrated test post exposure to the bushfire situation. Most of the studies on the Australian bushfire have used data of school going children to assess the effectiveness of the self-reporting. For this purpose Acute Stress Disorder Scale (PTSD), based on DSM-IV criteria has been introduced and it reflected successful prediction (Rich et al., 2016). PTSD prediction according to the ASDS has displayed 95% good sensitivity compared to the score of 91% for the children who are exposed to the bushfire and most importantly there are 33% children who are at risk due to PTSD (Bassilios et al., 2016). Statistically PTSD scores are related with the bushfire and depending upon the level of severity, score level are as follows: (t (197) = 6.21, P 0.001) - Going to die, (t (79) = 5.60, P 0.001) family will no more. These scores have been derived from the high school students, and there might be case of gender biasness and all the studi es lacks clinical verifications of the fact. Discussion: Until now, it has been clear that bushfire is highly related with the psychopathology. Bushfire can not only affect the environment, moreover causes repercussion affect on pregnancy, cause weight loss for the new born and bring in post trauma syndrome. Self-administrated screening will allow efficient post disaster response and effective intervention of psychological effect (Bryant et al., 2017). Further studies on the effect of the bushfire has portrayed long term consequences bushfire exposure and importance of chronic change in emotional as well as behavioural changes in the children. Generational repercussions and PTSD cause disturbance lead to childhood disturbance and psychological disturbance for the parents (Bryant et al., 2014). As discussed by the ODonnell, physical repercussion of PTDS and correlation with PTSD also supports the generational effect. Problem of bushfire management: Bushfire is one of the drastic natural disaster that let many people become homeless and landless. Thus, bushfire management is necessary in order to control any situation like this. However, successive government change has failed to provide any clear roadmap for this purpose. One of the major reasons for the lack of bushfire management is the lack of proper researches regarding the Australian bushfire. However, recent researches and government initiation to bring in wildfire control mechanism is limelight for the people of Australia (Douglas, 2016). One of the main problems of bushfire management is lack of fund from the government and it has lead to lower number of research and development. Though there has been attempts to the bushfire management, however, it has failed because the framework does not include psychological factors and post bushfire exposure scenario; rather it focuses on the factors that are mainly associated with the monetary value of the loss (Florec et al., 201 6). Psychological influences of bushfires: Studies suggest that the bushfire possess high level of PTSD due to magnitude and reach. According to the researches, PTSD is persistent for the 30 to 40% of people who were exposed to the bushfire (Fergusson Boden, 2014). Moreover, it has also been seen that 42% of the people who were exposed to the bushfire like Black Saturday are now going through psychiatric diagnosis. Because most of them suffer from anxiety, PTSD, depression and other physical challenges as discussed by the McNeill et al. Considering this facts, it can be stated that there is huge psychological influence of bushfire and it can lean to persistent physical and mental issues. Limitation: Throughout the study, most of the authors analysed the magnitude, reason and mitigation for the casualty of bushfire, and they are constrained to make any comparison between the reason, effect and mitigation plan beyond the geographical boundaries. Moreover, intrinsic nature of the studies available for the effect of bushfire in Australia is self-assessment rather than systemic review. Moreover, most of the studies have used only the voluntary represented data; thus, there is a scope that much or entire involuntary data related to bushfire is absent. This can lead to biasness in study and make the findings unjustified. For further researches though most of the researches has kept some tailed question with their outcome, however most of them has failed to provide a systematic review of the previous articles. Thus, more researches is required on the bushfire to let the people aware about it and reduce the scope of vulnerability for the people and communities who lives near to the prone areas of bushfire. Solution for Australias bushfire: Australia has faced most of the cases of bushfire since 1950. Thus, the country has evolved largely to become where it is now. From the studies, it can be chalked out that Australia has learned to control the outburst of bushfire largely, however it has not yet been effective enough to pave path for controlling the trauma post bushfire exposure. Bushfire, being a natural phenomenon cannot be controlled, however, researches show that most of the people suffer from physical and mental trauma once they are exposed to the bushfire and it affects their education, personal and work life. Thus, it is necessary for the Australian government to bring in comprehensive solution for bushfire. Recently it has been found that Australian government has brought in Community Development Approach and Centralised Case Management Service in order to reduce the psychological trauma after exposure to the bushfire. Moreover, it has been argued that government need to tune the intergovernmental connection in order to take swift response in case of bushfire. In this case, wildfire case installation for bushfire response can be beneficial rather than utilizing the age old Wait and See program. Role of NGO: Australia is one of the largest countries that provide universal health coverage to its citizens. When it comes to bushfire, then the government hospitals are the main medical institute that provide all the medical facilities to the fellow citizens (Shahparvari et al., 2017). However, when it comes to acute case of bushfire like Black Friday, then the Non Governmental organisations are one of the major players that provide wide array of services. Ranging from supplying fire fighters to providing medical assistance to the victims, NGOs play an important role and besides this, they provide psychological support to the victims of the bushfire. Wide array of services that are provided by the NGOs in the case of bushfire in Australia are as follows (Weir, 2016): Psychological support Case management service Temporary housing Community service Role of medical students: Medical student are the backbone of the medical system of a country. Without help from the medical students, it will not be possible to provide any medical service to the person who need ailment. From the above analysis, it has been clear that bushfire cause, serious physical and mental condition the survivors. Medical students can aid the survivors to attain relief both from the physical and mental aspect and aid them to lead a stable life. Better role of medical student can bring in the admission time for the patient to a much lower level and it will effectively help the Australian government to reduce the time taken for the medical service (FitzGerald, Tarrant Aitken, 2016). By implementing the rules and guidelines for bushfire patients, into the course curriculum government can teach their medical students to become potent for handling any bushfire situation and let them know what to do during the time of emergency like Black Saturday. Conclusion: The study has analysed the trend of research for modelling psychological effect of bushfire and it has found various notable points. Initially the report has found that there is huge lack of preparedness for bushfire in Australia and if the lack of coordination among the government industries remain continued, then it would bring in devastating situation for the Australian government. The study has identified there is community and regional barriers, that constrained the humans to become aware about the bushfires. Most of the current studies argue that it is better to lift the barrier up and let the community overlap the problem of bushfire with inter communal understanding. However, besides this the report argues that governmental plans and implementations are necessary. With proper long-term planning and effective implementation, it is aimed that trauma during post exposure to bushfire can greatly be reduce with the aid from NGOs and medical students. References: Bassilios, B., Nicholas, A., Reifels, L., King, K., Fletcher, J., Machlin, A., ... Pirkis, J. (2016). Achievements of the Australian Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program: summarising (almost) a decade of key evaluation data.International journal of mental health systems,10(1), 61. Booth, K., Tranter, B., Eriksen, C. (2015). Properties under fire: why so many Australians are inadequately insured against disaster. Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O'Donnell, M., Forbes, D., Felmingham, K. L., Silove, D., ... Nickerson, A. (2017). Separation from parents during childhood trauma predicts adult attachment security and post-traumatic stress disorder.Psychological Medicine, 1-8. Bryant, R. A., Waters, E., Gibbs, L., Gallagher, H. C., Pattison, P., Lusher, D., ... Sinnott, V. (2014). Psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,48(7), 634-643. Campos, R. C., Holden, R. R., Laranjeira, P., Troister, T., Oliveira, A. R., Costa, F., ... Fresca, N. (2016). Self-report depressive symptoms do not directly predict suicidality in nonclinical individuals: Contributions toward a more psychosocial approach to suicide risk.Death studies,40(6), 335-349. Douglas, G. (2016). Bushfire management for private land.Nature New South Wales,60(3), 22. Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M. (2014). The psychological impacts of major disasters.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,48(7), 597-599. FitzGerald, G. J., Tarrant, M., Aitken, P. (Eds.). (2016).Disaster Health Management: A Primer for Students and Practitioners. Taylor Francis. Fleming, P. S., Koletsi, D., Pandis, N. (2014). Blinded by PRISMA: are systematic reviewers focusing on PRISMA and ignoring other guidelines?.PLoS One,9(5), e96407. Florec, V., Pannell, D., Burton, M., Kelso, J., Milne, G. (2016, August). Think long term: the costs and benefits of prescribed burning in the south west of Western Australia. InResearch Forum 2016: Proceedings from the Research Forum at the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC AFAC Conference(Vol. 30, p. 139). Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC ISBN: 978-0-9941696-6-2 September 2016. Gibbs, L., Sia, K. L., Block, K., Baker, E., Nelsson, C., Gilbert, J., ... MacDougall, C. (2015). Cost and outcomes associated with participating in the Community Fireguard Program: Experiences from the Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria, Australia.International journal of disaster risk reduction,13, 375-380. Holmes, A., Rdiger, C., Mueller, B., Hirschi, M., Tapper, N. (2017). Variability of soil moisture proxies and hot days across the climate regimes of Australia.Geophysical Research Letters. Jackson, D., Bartl, D., Tong, D., Layland, J. (2016). Bushfires, not to be Taken Light Heartedly.J Clin Exp Cardiolog,7(426), 2. Liu, J. C., Pereira, G., Uhl, S. A., Bravo, M. A., Bell, M. L. (2015). A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke.Environmental research,136, 120-132. Lohm, D., Davis, M. (2015). Between bushfire risk and love of environment: preparedness, precariousness and survival in the narratives of urban fringe dwellers in Australia.Health, Risk Society,17(5-6), 404-419. McNeill, I. M., Dunlop, P. D., Skinner, T. C., Morrison, D. L. (2015). Predicting delay in residents decisions on defending v. evacuating through antecedents of decision avoidance.International Journal of Wildland Fire,24(2), 153-161. Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., ... Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement.Systematic reviews,4(1), 1. Moskwa, E. C., Ahonen, I., Santala, V., Weber, D., Robinson, G. M., Bardsley, D. K. (2016). Perceptions of bushfire risk mitigation and biodiversity conservation: a systematic review of fifteen years of research.Environmental Reviews,24(3), 219-232. Parker, A. (2016). Selective clearing of bush close to houses is the top bushfire mitigation strategy.Australian Planner,53(2), 152-155. Paton, D., Johnston, D. (2017).Disaster resilience: an integrated approach. Charles C Thomas Publisher. Pfitzer, B., Katona, L. J., Lee, S. J., O'Donnell, M., Cleland, H., Wasiak, J., Ellen, S. (2017). Three Years After Black Saturday: Long-Term Psychosocial Adjustment of Burns Patients as a Result of a Major Bushfire.JOURNAL OF BURN CARE RESEARCH,38(5), 334-334. Rich, J., Booth, A., Rowlands, A., Redd, P. (2016). Bushfire support services and the need for evaluation: The 2013 Blue Mountains experience.Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The,31(1), 8. Rigby, K. (2016). 14 Literature, ethics and bushfire in Australia.Humanities for the Environment: Integrating Knowledge, Forging New Constellations of Practice, 210. Shahparvari, S., Abbasi, B., Chhetri, P., Abareshi, A. (2017). Fleet routing and scheduling in bushfire emergency evacuation: A regional case study of the Black Saturday bushfires in Australia.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. Underwood, R. (2017). Disaster awaits as advice again goes unheeded.News Weekly, (3006), 9. Weir, I., Leonard, J., Shackelton, C., Brinkman, J., Elliot, C. (2016). 2016 Australian Bushfire Building Conference.

Business Research Method Research Proposal Financial Performances

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Method Research Proposalfor Financial Performances. Answer: Introduction: Financial performances of a business entity play a crucial role in handling all the internal activities (Edirisooriyaa 2014). In this research study, the focus will be on the evaluation of the kind of impact financial performances of an organization can have on the satisfaction level of the employees. For that reason, the study will consider Bank of Queensland Limited to highlight the significance of maintaining financial standards to encourage employees to give their best at the workplace. Bank of Queensland has focused on evaluating different strategies to improve its financial condition at different level. Bank of Queensland was established in 1874 with the objective of providing retail-banking services to the Australian people. Recent performance assessment as highlighted the fact that financial earnings of Bank of Queensland has dropped by 3%, which has affected internal management of the operational process (boq.com.au 2017). For instance, Bank of Queensland has facing problem of providing proper benefit level to all the employees. It would create direct impact on the motivational level of the employees towards performing their provided responsibilities. As a result, it would direct adverse impact on the performance level of the employees. The study will focus on highlighting the significance of maintaining financial performances for encouraging employees to perform at their optimum level. Literature Review: Impact of Reward and remuneration on employee performances: As highlighted by Shields et al. (2015) reward and remuneration has greater impact in maintaining the mental setup of the employees. For that reason, several organizations have focused on developing clear and effective remuneration and reward system for fulfilling the business objectives in an appropriate way. It has been assessed that employee with higher level of remuneration has tried to provide superior impact on the performance level. Moreover, Anitha (2014) have highlighted the fact that employee performance heavily depends on the satisfaction and motivational level of the employees. Therefore, it is necessary for all the business entities to focus on maintaining the positive work culture in an appropriate manner. However, it is necessary for the management of business entities to evaluate the performance level of all the employees at the time of deciding the remuneration package. Otherwise, it might create negative impact on the performance level of the employees (Dobre 2013). On the other hand, higher pay structure or remuneration package increases the cost associated with the operational process. Therefore, in order to maintain the higher remuneration for all the employees, organizations need to be on the financially strong position. Otherwise, it might not able to achieve sustainable expansion in the market. Other variables associated with financial condition that can have impact on employee performances: As opined by AbuKhalifeh and Som (2013) financial condition of business entities play a major role in fulfilling the entire requirements of the operational process. Strong financial condition allows organizations to include proper amount of resources for fulfilling the business activities. Conversely, financially weak position induces organizations to focus on completing all the requirements with the limited resources. As a result, it increases the amount of pressure that employees will have to face in performing their provided responsibilities. It directly affected the work life balance of the employees. Thus, it eventually creates negative impact on the satisfaction and motivational level of the employees, which also create negative impact on the overall performance level. As highlighted by Boeri, Lucifora and Murphy (2013) financially strong condition provides assurance to the employees regarding the career enhancement process. Therefore, it induces employees to remain associated with the business entities for a long period of time. Otherwise, organizations will have to deal with high employee turnover issue, which eventually affect the overall performance level. For that reason, it is necessary for the organizations to maintain financial condition at the desired level to motivate the employees to perform beyond their capabilities. Research Questions: The study would consider following questions: What is the satisfaction level of the employees working in the Australian banking sector regarding their remuneration? What are the prime challenges that Bank of Queensland is facing in order to satisfy its employees? What is impact of present remuneration package initiated by Bank of Queensland in maintaining employee performances? What is the best possible way for Bank of Queensland to improve present financial performances? Research Methodology: According to Mackey and Gass (2015) outcome of any study depends on the selected methodology, as it allows the study to move forward towards a particular direction. Now, in order to use methodology effectively, the study needs to cover research philosophy, approach and design perspectives. Now, in order to understand the impact of financial condition of Bank of Queensland on the employee performances, the study would consider positivism research philosophy. It would allow constructing hypothesis based on the present financial condition of Bank of Queensland. Therefore, it would eventually help to include appropriate information related to the research topic (Silverman 2016). On the other hand, the research would not focus on other philosophies due to time limitation. In addition, the research would focus on deductive approach, as it can help to include different previous studies and concepts appropriately. Thus, it would help to include information regarding the significance of finan cial condition on the employee performances. Moreover, it would help to test the formulated hypothesis in an effective way (Flick 2015). Conversely, the research study would not focus on the inductive research approach, as the topic does not require any introduction of new concepts or theories. For understanding the importance of the financial condition of Bank of Queensland on employee performances, the study would choose descriptive research design. As per the article by Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) descriptive research design can help the study to include appropriate design in a major way. It also would help to identify the factors that can have major impact on the performance level of the employees. Therefore, it can help Bank of Queensland to focus on the development of effective decision-making process for enhancing the performance level of the employees in an effective manner. Project Plan: Referred to appendix section Research Process: According to Panneerselvam (2014), research process represents the systematic completion of all the required activities. The first step would focus on establishment of clear aim and objectives to direct the study towards a particular direction. Therefore, it would focus on proper evaluation of the background of the study. The second step would focus on developing literature review section based on the impact of financial condition on the employee performances. In this step, the study will include several previous literatures regarding the employee performance perspectives to add value to the research study. The third step of the study would consider proper utilization of research methodology perspective to ensure that all the objectives can be fulfilled in an efficient manner. Fourth step of the study would focus on the selection of data collection and analysis technique so that it can able to depict the actual situation efficiently. The step also focuses on identifying best possible tools for analyzing the collected data in an effective manner. Fifth step focuses on the proper conclusion of the study where all the requirements are meet at the optimum level. It would also focuses on identification of proper recommended strategies for enhancing the performance level of the employees. Data Collection and Analysis Method: According to Flick (2015), data collection process help the study to include in-depth information about the research topic. In order to understand the impact of financial condition of Bank of Queensland on employee performances, the study would consider primary data collection technique. Here, the study would only focuses on the quantitative data collection approach to understand the trend in an effective manner. Moreover, it would also help to include different perspective of the respondents in an efficient manner. For that reason, the study would include online survey strategy to collect appropriate information about the research topic. In order to estimate the impact of financial condition of Bank of Queensland on the employee performances, the study would focus on using non-probability sampling technique. Here, the study would choose 100 employees working in Bank of Queensland to assess the exact amount of impact that financial condition of the organization can have on the perfor mance level of the employees. In addition, the study would also consider statistical techniques like mean, median, mode, correlation and regression for analyzing the captured information appropriately. Expected Research Outcomes: The discussion has highlighted the fact that the research study will include all possible factors associated with the financial condition of Bank of Queensland that can have impact on the performance level of the employees. Therefore, it is expected that the study will provide best possible way to maintain the bonding strong between the employee performance and financial condition. Moreover, it is expected that the study will also provide an idea regarding the kind of impact that decreasing financial growth of Bank of Queensland will have on the employee performances. It is also expected that the study will provide effective recommendation for keeping the performance level of the employees at the desired level. References: AbuKhalifeh, A.A.N. and Som, A.P.M., 2013. The antecedents affecting employee engagement and organizational performance.Asian Social Science,9(7), p.41. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Boeri, T., Lucifora, C. and Murphy, K.J., 2013.Executive remuneration and employee performance-related pay: a transatlantic perspective. Oxford University Press. boq.com.au, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.boq.com.au [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017]. Dobre, O.I., 2013. Employee motivation and organizational performance.Journal of Management and Socio-Economic, (1). Edirisooriyaa, W.A., 2014, February. Impact of Rewards on Employee Performance: With Special Reference to ElectriCo. InProceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Management and Economics(Vol. 26, p. 27). Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. 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